Science questions:

1. How do microorganisms and dust particles move through Earth’s atmosphere and across continents?

2. What roles do airborne microbes play in cloud formation, climate processes, and ecosystem health?

3. Is the atmosphere a true habitat where microorganisms can metabolize and persist, or merely a pathway for their transport?

4. How can research cruises and field campaigns reveal the sources, survival, and impacts of Earth’s atmospheric microbiome?

Science questions:

1. How did the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean shape the Moon’s crust and interior?

2. What energy sources powered the Moon’s ancient magnetic field, and how long did it persist?

3. How can samples from the South Pole–Aitken Basin reveal the early history of the Moon ?

Fig. 1 in Hamid et al., 2023

Relevant papers: Hamid et al., 2022, 2023